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Class IX Geography Chapter 1

India: Size and Location

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Topic 1.1: Location of India in the World

Important Points Covered :

  1. India is situated in the Northern hemisphere - North of equator
  2. India is also situated to the East of Prime Meridian.
  3. Within the Asian continent India lies in the South Central part of Asia.
  4. The Tropic of Cancer divides the Indian mainland almost into two equal halves
  5. The Southern part of the Indian mainland is in the shape of a peninsular which means.....
  6. The peninsular shape of India helps it to ....
  7. India's connectivity with the world was further boosted by the opening of the Suez Canal in ....
  8. Indian Ocean is the 3rd largest ocean in the world after the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean
  9. Canada has the largest coastline in the world.

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Topic 1.2 India Extreme Ends, Dimensions, Latitudes and Longitudes

Important Points Covered :

  1. The total land area of India is 3.28 million square km which is approximately 2.4 percent of total land area of the world.
  2. In terms of landmass, India stands at 7th largest country in the world.
  3. It has total length of land boundary of about 15,200 km.
  4. The total length of the coastline of the mainland including Andaman and Nicobar Island is 7,516.6 km.
  5. The Northern extreme of India is Kilik Pass at 37 degrees and 6 minutes from where the length of India is measured and not Indira Col.
  6. Before the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, the total number of states and union territories in India were 29 and 7 respectively.
  7. After the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, the total number of states has reduced to 28 while the number of union territories has increased to 8.
  8. A group of islands is called an Archipelago.
  9. In January 2023, a total of 21 islands in the archipelago of Andaman islands were named after Param Veer Chakra awardees.
  10. South of about 22° north latitude, India narrows and then finally extends towards Indian Ocean, separating it into two seas namely, The Arabian Sea in the west and The Bay of Bengal in the east.
  11. India’s North-South extent appears to be larger than the East-West extent.
  12. Both the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the mainland is about 30°.
  13. The Southernmost point of Indian union is known as Indira Point.
  14. India is also known as Peninsular India as it is surrounded by water on the three sides and connected to the mainland on one side.
  15. The Indian Ocean is the 3rd largest ocean in the world after the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean in that order
  16. Since the opening of Suez Canal in 1869, the distance between India and Europe has been reduced by 7,000 km.

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Topic 1.3: India Time Zones

Important Points Covered :

  1. Prime meridian passes through old royal observatory Greenwich, London, UK.
  2. There are 24 time zones that are made of 15 lines of longitude, each line which make up the time zones are called lines of longitude.
  3. The earth is in sphere shape which has 360° around its circumference. Due to this there are 360 lines of longitude.
  4. 360° can be divided by 24 hours in a day.
  5. Each time zone comprises of 15 degrees of longitude and differs from each other by an hour.
  6. The time zone is 1 hour ahead of GMT is depicted as GMT + 1. This time zone will lie at 15° east of GMT and GMT – 1
  7. It takes 4 minutes to cover 1° and one hour to cover 15°.
  8. Indian Standard Time is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT. It means that if in India it is 6:30 PM then it will be 1:30 PM GMT.
  9. Time along the Standard Meridian of India (82°30’E) passing through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh is taken as the Standard time for India.
  10. There is about two hours of time gap between Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat but due to only one time zone in India, the time in both the state is same.
  11. The latitudinal extent influences the duration of day and night, as one moves from south to north but times remain the same in the country.
  12. Prime meridian passes through old royal observatory Greenwich, London, UK.



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Multiple Choice Questions

NCERT Questions Discussion

Important Points Covered :

Ans-1)

I) b- Odisha (The Tropic of cancer passes through 8 Indian states that is Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram)

II) a- 97°25’E

III) c- Nepal

IV) b- Lakshadweep

V) b- Tajikistan (Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal – share boundaries with India)

Ans-2)

  1. Lakshadweep Island is a group of islands which lies in the Arabian Sea.
  2. Russia, Canada, United States of America, China, Brazil, Australia are the countries which are larger than India (in

chronological order).

3.Andaman and Nicobar Island is part of India which lies to its Southeastern part.

4.SriLanka and Maldives are the island countries which are India’s Southernmost Neighbors.

Ans-3)

  1. Arunachal Pradesh is situated in the east whereas Gujarat is in the west because of which Arunachal Pradesh experiences sunrise earlier in the day due to its more easterly position (approximately 2 hours earlier) which means that sun rises 2 hours earlier than in Gujarat. Dong in Arunachal Pradesh
  2. is also known as the land of rising sun.
  3. India has taken a single central point which lies between the
  4. Indian longitude at 82°3’E (Mirzapur, UP). In India, the standard
  5. time used is the Indian Standard Time (IST) which is UTC + 5:30,
  6. which means the entire country has one time. That is why
  7. despite the rising of sun 2 hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh
  8. than Gujarat, the time remains the same throughout the whole
  9. country.

  11. Ans-4) India’s central location at the head of the Indian Ocean is
  12. of great significance for the following reasons:
  13.  Strategic Position: - India’s geographical location places it
  14. at the crossroads of major sea routes in the Indian Ocean
  15. which gives India a significant advantage in terms of
  16. maritime trade connectivity and geopolitical influence.
  17.  Trade and Commerce: - The Indian Ocean is the one of the
  18. busiest and most important maritime trade routes,
  19. connecting Europe, Africa, The Middle East and East Asia.
  20. India’s geo location allows it to act as a natural hub for
  21. both east- west and north- south trade, facilitating

  23. economics interactions and the movement of goods and
  24. services.
  25.  Blue Economy: - India’s vast coastline and access to the
  26. Indian Ocean provide it with significant opportunities in
  27. the blue economy (which includes fisheries, offshore
  28. resources and maritime resources). The blue economy can
  29. contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and
  30. development.



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